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Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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A behavior profile of polydrug abusers.

B Kennedy1, M Konstantareas, S Homatidis

  • 1Hincks Treatment Center, 440 Jarvis Street, M4Y 2H4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Polydrug abusers exhibit distinct personality traits, differing significantly from healthy individuals and a comparable contrast group. This study utilized a specialized personality inventory to identify these unique behavioral characteristics.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Polydrug abuse is often associated with specific behavioral patterns and potential neurological damage.
  • Previous research has suggested distinct psychological profiles in polydrug users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the behavioral characteristics of polydrug abusers.
  • To assess the utility of the Bear and Fedio Personality Inventory in identifying polydrug abusers.
  • To explore potential overlaps in personality profiles between polydrug abusers and individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Main Methods:

  • The Bear and Fedio Personality Inventory was administered to polydrug abusers, a normal control group, and a contrast group.
  • The contrast group was matched for psychiatric history, education, socioeconomic status, and family history.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare personality trait scores across the groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Polydrug abusers displayed the most extreme scores across nearly all personality traits.
    • Control group scores were the least extreme, with the contrast group falling in between.
    • The inventory achieved high classification accuracy: 87% for polydrug abusers, 81% for controls, and 71% for the contrast group.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully identified a unique personality profile for polydrug abusers using the Bear and Fedio inventory.
    • A notable overlap exists between the personality profiles of polydrug abusers and individuals with TLE, suggesting potential shared underlying mechanisms.
    • Further research is recommended to investigate the role of the limbic system in polydrug abuse.