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Biochemistry changes that occur after death: potential markers for determining post-mortem interval.

Andrea E Donaldson1, Iain L Lamont

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Plos One
|November 27, 2013
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Summary

Biochemical changes after death offer potential markers for determining time since death (post-mortem interval). This study identified specific metabolites in blood that change predictably over 96 hours, aiding post-mortem interval estimation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Forensic Science
  • Post-mortem analysis

Background:

  • Determining the time since death (post-mortem interval) is challenging with current methods.
  • Biochemical changes in body tissues after death can provide chemical markers.
  • Lack of oxygen, altered enzyme activity, and cellular degradation drive these post-mortem changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate biochemical changes in blood post-mortem.
  • To identify potential chemical markers for estimating the post-mortem interval.
  • To examine changes in blood pH and metabolite concentrations over 96 hours.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood pH and six metabolites (lactic acid, hypoxanthine, uric acid, ammonia, NADH, formic acid).
  • Samples collected from animal corpses (rat, pig) and in vitro stored blood (rat, human).
  • Measurements taken over a 96-hour post-mortem period.

Main Results:

  • Blood pH decreased significantly from 7.4 to 5.1 in corpses.
  • Concentrations of hypoxanthine, ammonia, NADH, and formic acid increased over time.
  • Lactate concentration increased and plateaued, with variations between species.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple biochemical markers show predictable changes post-mortem.
  • Hypoxanthine, ammonia, NADH, and formic acid are potential indicators for post-mortem interval estimation.
  • This study provides a foundation for using metabolic changes to improve post-mortem interval accuracy.