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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...

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Updated: May 5, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

Published on: March 3, 2023

A microfluidic, high throughput protein crystal growth method for microgravity.

Carl W Carruthers¹, Cory Gerdts, Michael D Johnson

¹Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.

|November 27, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microgravity enhanced macromolecular crystal growth using a commercial system. This study demonstrated improved crystal formation for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (apo-hPPAR-γ LBD) in space compared to ground controls.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

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Published on: March 3, 2023

$Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography$

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Published on: April 24, 2018

$Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies$

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Crystallography
Space Science

Background:

Microgravity conditions can reduce sedimentation and convection, potentially improving macromolecular crystal growth.
Existing terrestrial protein crystal growth (PCG) methods differ significantly from those used in space.
The International Space Station (ISS) offers a unique environment for microgravity experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the efficacy of a commercial, high-throughput, microfluidic PCG system in microgravity.
To investigate the growth of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (apo-hPPAR-γ LBD) crystals in space.
To compare microgravity crystal growth with terrestrial 1g controls.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Protein BioSolutions' microfluidic Plug Maker™/CrystalCard™ system for PCG.
Sent 25 CrystalCards™ containing approximately 10,000 microgravity PCG experiments to the ISS.
Incubated samples for 70 days on the ISS before returning them for analysis.

Main Results:

Crystals were obtained from 16 of 25 (64%) microgravity cards, compared to 12 of 25 (48%) ground controls.
A higher yield of apo-hPPAR-γ LBD crystals was observed in microgravity samples versus 1g controls.
The microfluidic system demonstrated successful implementation in the microgravity environment.

Conclusions:

The commercial microfluidic PCG system is effective for high-throughput experiments in microgravity.
Microgravity growth conditions show promise for improving the crystallization of certain macromolecules, like apo-hPPAR-γ LBD.
This approach offers new avenues for crystallizing challenging samples and advancing structural biology.