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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

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Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
87
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

76
Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
76
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
76
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

49
Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

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Constipation and pelvic outlet obstruction.

Traci L Hedrick1, Charles M Friel

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|November 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing constipation and pelvic outlet obstruction requires expertise. This study reviews current diagnostic and treatment advancements for these challenging conditions, emphasizing behavioral therapies and surgical options.

Keywords:
ConstipationDefecographyManometryObstructed defecationPelvic outlet obstructionSlow transit constipation

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Constipation and pelvic outlet obstruction present significant clinical challenges.
  • Effective patient management necessitates skill, patience, and empathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore current advancements and technologies in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of constipation and pelvic outlet obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on diagnostic modalities.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment strategies.
  • Focus on technological innovations in the field.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral interventions remain the primary treatment approach.
  • Surgical options are reserved for specific patient populations.
  • Integration of new technologies is enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic options is crucial for optimal patient care.
  • Advancements in technology offer new possibilities for managing these complex conditions.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are often beneficial for patients with refractory symptoms.