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Updated: May 5, 2026

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The lateral thoracic artery revisited.

Marios Loukas1, Maira du Plessis, Deyzi Gueorguieva Owens

  • 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George University, St. George, Grenada, West Indies, mloukas@sgu.edu.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|November 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The lateral thoracic artery (LTA) shows significant origin variability in 96.7% of cadavers, most commonly from the thoracoacromial artery. Understanding these anatomical variations is crucial for thoracic surgical procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Vascular Anatomy

Background:

  • Limited information exists on the highly variable lateral thoracic artery (LTA) origins.
  • Understanding LTA variations is vital for thoracic surgical procedures like reconstructive surgery and mastectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical variations of the lateral thoracic artery (LTA).
  • To provide an accurate description of LTA's origin and variability.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 420 adult human cadavers.
  • Examination of the entire course and distribution of the LTA.

Main Results:

  • The LTA was present in 96.7% of specimens, exhibiting significant morphological variability.
  • The most frequent origin was the thoracoacromial artery (67.62%), followed by the axillary artery (17.02%).
  • Other origins included the thoracodorsal and subscapular arteries, with multiple LTAs and complete absence also noted.

Conclusions:

  • Despite origin variations, the LTA's tissue distribution remained consistent in most cases.
  • The study suggests re-evaluating the thoracoacromial artery's branches, considering the LTA as a potential origin.
  • Findings offer valuable insights for anatomists and surgeons performing thoracic procedures.