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Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Coherent perfect absorption and reflection in slow-light waveguides.

Nadav Gutman, Andrey A Sukhorukov, Y D Chong

    Optics Letters
    |November 28, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers discovered unique slow-light modes in lossy multimode grating waveguides. These modes allow for tunable control between perfect absorption and perfect reflection of light waves.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Wave Phenomena
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Lossy multimode waveguides are crucial for optical signal processing.
    • Grating structures enable control over light propagation.
    • Understanding light-matter interactions in such systems is key for device development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize novel slow-light modes in lossy multimode grating waveguides.
    • To investigate the tunability of optical response, specifically absorption and reflection.
    • To analyze the absorption characteristics of these unique light modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of wave propagation in lossy multimode grating waveguides.
    • Identification of degenerate slow-light modes.

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  • Mathematical modeling of the modulation between absorption and reflection states.
  • Derivation of the absorption length scaling.

    • Main Results:

    • A family of unusual slow-light modes was identified, featuring degenerate forward or backward mode components.
    • In the fully degenerate case, the waveguide response can be switched between coherent perfect absorption (zero reflection) and perfect reflection.
    • Anomalously short absorption lengths were observed for perfectly absorbed waves, scaling with the inverse one-third power of absorptivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified slow-light modes offer unprecedented control over light absorption and reflection in lossy waveguides.
    • This work provides a pathway for developing novel optical devices with tunable absorption and reflection functionalities.
    • The unique absorption length scaling has significant implications for compact optical absorber designs.