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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

101
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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[Influenza].

B Salzberger1, W Jilg

  • 1Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|November 28, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Influenza severity may be underestimated, with new data supporting neuraminidase inhibitors for severe cases. Updated quadrivalent vaccines are recommended due to evolving Influenza B strains and ongoing avian virus surveillance is crucial for pandemic preparedness.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Influenza has caused epidemics and pandemics for centuries.
  • Recent analyses suggest influenza severity has been underestimated.
  • Avian influenza viruses have historically driven pandemics, necessitating robust surveillance.

Purpose:

  • To re-evaluate influenza severity using new epidemiologic analyses.
  • To assess the efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors in complicated influenza.
  • To inform vaccine strategies and pandemic preparedness based on evolving influenza strains and avian virus activity.

Summary:

  • Epidemiologic data indicate that influenza's true severity may be higher than previously reported.
  • Clinical data support the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for treating severe influenza infections.
  • The World Health Organization recommends quadrivalent influenza vaccines due to divergent Influenza B strains, and highlights the challenge of surveilling low-pathogenicity avian strains like H7N9.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of influenza's impact on public health.
  • Guidance for clinical management of severe influenza cases.
  • Enhanced strategies for influenza vaccine development and pandemic preparedness, particularly concerning avian influenza.