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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management

Published on: May 5, 2015

Executive functions and intraindividual variability following concussion.

Justin E Karr¹, Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera, Corson N Areshenkoff

¹a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

|November 29, 2013

Summary

Executive functions, not intraindividual variability (IIV), may help predict concussion history. Mean response time in a global-local task was the only significant predictor of past concussions in athletes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sports Medicine
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Long-term outcomes of executive functions after concussion are unclear.
Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance following concussion is not well-researched.
Existing research on concussion outcomes is inconsistent and limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the predictive value of executive functions for concussion history.
To assess the utility of intraindividual variability (IIV) in predicting concussion history.
To address gaps in understanding concussion's long-term cognitive effects.

Main Methods:

138 athletes completed executive function tasks (n-back, go/no-go, global-local).
Cognitive performance included mean scores and intraindividual variability (IIV).
Ordinal logistic regression analyzed predictors of concussion status.

Main Results:

Mean response time on the global-local task predicted the number of past concussions.
No intraindividual variability (IIV) measures uniquely predicted concussion history.
Executive function measures, particularly shifting, showed potential for detecting concussion differences.

Conclusions:

Intraindividual variability (IIV) did not add predictive value beyond mean performance for concussion history.
Executive functions, specifically shifting, may be more sensitive to concussion-related changes.
Further research is needed to clarify the role of IIV in concussion outcomes.