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Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in lower urinary tract function and dysfunction.

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    Neurourology and Urodynamics
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    The endocannabinoid system, including cannabinoid receptors and anandamide, plays a role in lower urinary tract function. Enhancing endocannabinoid activity via FAAH inhibitors may treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

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    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2), anandamide, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).
    • The ECS is implicated in regulating various physiological processes, including urinary tract function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on the role of cannabinoids and the ECS in lower urinary tract (LUT) function and dysfunction.
    • To explore potential therapeutic targets for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive review of MEDLINE literature was conducted.
    • Manual analysis of relevant English-language articles was performed.

    Main Results:

    • ECS components (CB receptors, anandamide, FAAH) are present in LUT tissues across species, including humans.
    • Cannabinoids demonstrate potential in reducing sensory activity, alleviating bladder inflammation, and improving urodynamic parameters in animal models.
    • FAAH inhibitors have shown promise in managing sensory bladder functions and reducing bladder overactivity in preclinical studies.

    Conclusions:

    • The ECS is involved in regulating bladder function at multiple levels of the micturition pathway.
    • Targeting ECS activity, particularly through FAAH inhibitors, presents a promising therapeutic strategy for LUTS.