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Related Concept Videos

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
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A large left atrial myxoma causing multiple cerebral infarcts.

Saba Kebede1, Eiry Edmunds, Adrian Raybould

  • 1Department of Medicine, Hywel Dda Health Board, Carmarthen, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A large left atrial myxoma caused multiple cerebral infarcts in a patient presenting with sudden diplopia. Early echocardiography is crucial for detecting cardiac sources of stroke, like myxoma, preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cerebral infarcts can stem from various sources, including cardiac conditions.
  • Delayed diagnosis of cardiogenic embolism can lead to severe neurological deficits.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old man experienced sudden diplopia, diagnosed as oculomotor nerve palsy.
  • He later developed expressive dysphasia and confusion, with MRI revealing multiple cerebral infarcts.
  • A transthoracic echocardiogram identified a large left atrial myxoma six months after initial presentation.

Findings:

  • The left atrial myxoma was identified as the source of cerebral emboli.
  • Surgical resection of the myxoma led to a good postoperative recovery.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering cardiac myxoma as a cause of embolic stroke.
  • Early echocardiography is vital for diagnosing treatable cardiac conditions and preventing recurrent embolic events.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of atrial myxoma can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce neurological sequelae.