Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
06:46
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
2.6K
Predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus using haemoglobin A1c: a community-based historic cohort study
Nataly Lerner1, Michal Shani, Shlomo Vinker
1Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.
The European Journal of General Practice
|November 30, 2013
Summary
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 5.5% or higher indicate an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. This finding supports using HbA1c tests for screening high-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Clinical Diagnostics
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2010 guidelines established HbA1c ≥ 6.5% as a diagnostic criterion for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Previous diagnostic criteria for diabetes have evolved, necessitating ongoing evaluation of predictive markers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the predictive capability of the Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test for identifying individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
- To determine the association between baseline HbA1c levels and the future onset of type 2 diabetes in a community-based cohort.
Main Methods:
- A community-based historic cohort study involved 10,201 participants without a prior diabetes diagnosis.
- HbA1c levels were measured between 2002-2005, with data on risk factors and diabetes onset collected over a five-to-eight-year follow-up period.
- Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the risk of developing type 2 diabetes based on baseline HbA1c levels and other risk factors.
Main Results:
- Individuals with HbA1c levels between 5.5% and 7.0% at baseline showed a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with HbA1c < 4.5%.
- Specific risk increases were observed for HbA1c ranges of 5.5%–5.9% (2.49-fold), 6.0%–6.4% (4.82-fold), and 6.5%–6.9% (7.57-fold).
- Male gender, cardiovascular diseases, and overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m²) were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes; age and low socioeconomic status were not significant predictors.
Conclusions:
- HbA1c levels of 5.5% and above are associated with a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes over a five-to-eight-year period.
- The findings support the utility of HbA1c testing as a valuable screening tool for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes in the general population.
- Early identification through HbA1c screening can facilitate timely interventions for diabetes prevention.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
32
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
32
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
57
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
57
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
36
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
36
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.5K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.5K
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
121
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
121