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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

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Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines01:24

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

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Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
Theophylline is thought to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This rise in cAMP and cGMP concentrations stimulates cardiac function,...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Asthma pharmacotherapy.

Minka L Schofield1

  • 1Division of Sinus and Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Eye and Ear Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 4000, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|November 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma management focuses on inhaled corticosteroids for persistent cases. New therapies targeting inflammation and gene expression offer future treatment avenues for this chronic airway disease.

Keywords:
Anti-IgE therapyAsthmaInhaled corticosteroidsLong acting beta agonistsMedicationsShort acting beta agonistsTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease causing obstruction through bronchoconstriction, edema, and mucus.
  • Standardized treatment guidelines aim to improve patient outcomes.
  • Current guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as a first-line therapy for persistent asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence-based guidelines for asthma management.
  • To outline therapeutic options for persistent and worsening asthma symptoms.
  • To highlight emerging novel therapies for asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines.
  • Analysis of current pharmacological treatments for asthma.
  • Survey of developing therapeutic strategies in asthma research.

Main Results:

  • Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the primary recommendation for persistent asthma.
  • Combination therapies (ICS with long-acting beta-2 agonists), oral corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and anti-IgE therapies are options for difficult-to-control asthma.
  • Novel therapies focusing on anti-inflammatory mechanisms, gene expression, and cytokine modification are under development.

Conclusions:

  • Current asthma management relies on ICS and combination therapies guided by established protocols.
  • Ongoing research is exploring advanced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory approaches.
  • Future asthma treatments aim for more targeted and effective disease control.