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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Lingo01:11

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Genetic Variation01:25

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Edgotype: a fundamental link between genotype and phenotype.

Nidhi Sahni1, Song Yi, Quan Zhong

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Area of Science:

  • Systems biology
  • Genetics
  • Network medicine

Background:

  • Classical 'one-gene/one-disease' models are insufficient for complex human diseases.
  • Genes function within intricate networks of molecular interactions (interactomes).
  • Understanding disease mechanisms requires analyzing how mutations impact these networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of 'edgetics' in understanding genotype-to-phenotype relationships.
  • To explain how perturbations in molecular interactions (edges) contribute to disease.
  • To introduce the 'edgotype' as a framework for disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on interactome networks and genetic variation.
  • Conceptual framework development based on network perturbations.
  • Analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships through altered interactions.

Main Results:

  • Genetic variants can cause distinct phenotypic outcomes by altering specific molecular interactions (edges).
  • The 'edgotype' represents the collective effect of these edgetic perturbations.
  • Edgetics offers a new perspective beyond traditional gene-centric disease models.

Conclusions:

  • Network-based approaches, specifically 'edgetics,' are crucial for deciphering complex genotype-phenotype associations.
  • Understanding changes in molecular interactions is key to mechanistic disease insights.
  • The 'edgotype' concept provides a framework for integrating genetic and network information in disease research.