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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Cell Electrofusion Visualized with Fluorescence Microscopy

Cell Electrofusion Visualized with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: July 1, 2010

Cell electrofusion using nanosecond electric pulses.

Lea Rems¹, Marko Ušaj, Maša Kandušer

¹1] University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia [2].

Scientific Reports

|November 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nanosecond pulses enable efficient cell electrofusion, even between cells of different sizes. This breakthrough overcomes limitations of traditional microsecond pulses, improving fusion yields for applications like hybridoma technology.

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Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery

Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery

Published on: August 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Bioengineering

Background:

Electrofusion uses electric pulses for cell fusion, but yields decrease with cell size differences.
Conventional microsecond pulses cause electroporation proportional to cell radius, limiting fusion efficiency for disparate cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a novel electrofusion method using nanosecond pulses.
To demonstrate selective electroporation in cell contact areas irrespective of cell size.
To enhance electrofusion yields for cells with significant size disparities.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations to analyze nanosecond pulse effects on cell membranes.
Experimental validation using B16-F1 and CHO cell lines.
Application of short-duration, high-voltage nanosecond electric pulses.

Main Results:

Nanosecond pulses induce selective electroporation at cell contact sites, independent of cell radius.
Successful experimental electrofusion achieved for cells of both equal and different sizes.
Demonstrated feasibility of nanosecond pulse electrofusion for heterogeneous cell populations.

Conclusions:

Nanosecond pulse electrofusion offers a viable solution for fusing cells of varying sizes.
This technique promises to improve hybridoma technology by enhancing fusion of myeloma cells and B lymphocytes.
The findings open new avenues for cell engineering and biotechnology applications.