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Active polar two-fluid macroscopic dynamics.

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This study explores active systems with dynamic preferred directions, like bacterial growth and fish shoals. It derives macroscopic equations and compares their behavior to superfluids and immiscible liquids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Systems with a polar dynamic preferred direction, such as bacterial colonies, fish shoals, and bird flocks, exhibit complex emergent behaviors.
  • The preferred direction in these active systems is dynamic, not static, necessitating a focus on macroscopic velocity for analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive macroscopic equations for systems with a polar dynamic preferred direction.
  • To investigate novel static, reversible, and irreversible cross-couplings involving a second velocity variable.
  • To compare the macroscopic behavior of these active systems with other two-velocity systems, including immiscible and quantum liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of macroscopic equations governing the dynamics of active systems.
  • Analysis of static, reversible, and irreversible cross-couplings.
  • Comparative analysis of normal mode spectra across different fluid types.

Main Results:

  • Novel macroscopic equations for active systems with polar dynamic preferred direction were derived.
  • Static, reversible, and irreversible cross-couplings involving a second velocity were identified.
  • Significant differences in normal mode spectra were observed when comparing active systems to superfluids and immiscible liquids.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding active matter with dynamic orientational order.
  • The findings highlight unique hydrodynamic behaviors arising from collective chirality in active media.
  • This research offers insights into the fundamental physics governing self-organization in biological and synthetic active systems.