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Related Experiment Videos

Ionic channels and hormone release from peptidergic nerve terminals.

J R Lemos, J J Nordmann

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers used patch-clamp techniques to study isolated nerve terminals, discovering unique cation channels (f and s) involved in neurohormone release. These findings shed light on stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms in peptidergic neurons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cell Biology
    • Ion Channel Physiology

    Background:

    • Depolarization of nerve terminals triggers calcium ion (Ca2+) entry and neurosecretion, but ionic current control mechanisms remain unclear.
    • The small size of nerve terminals has historically limited direct analysis of membrane ionic currents and their role in secretion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate stimulus-secretion coupling in isolated peptidergic nerve terminals using patch-clamp techniques.
    • To characterize novel ionic currents and calcium channels in nerve terminals and their role in neurohormone release.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of peptidergic nerve terminals (sinus gland from Cardisoma, neural lobe from rat) using collagenase treatment.
    • Patch-clamp electrophysiology to record single-channel currents and study ion channel properties.
    • Reconstitution of Ca2+ channels from nerve terminal membranes.
    • Measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration using fluorescent indicators.

    Main Results:

    • Two novel single-channel currents, 'f' (Na+-activated) and 's' (Ca2+-activated), were identified in Cardisoma sinus gland terminals, showing selectivity for Na+ and K+ with specific conductances.
    • At least three types of Ca2+ channels were reconstituted from sinus gland nerve terminal membranes.
    • Rat neural lobe terminals (neurosecretosomes) released oxytocin and vasopressin upon depolarization, contingent on external Ca2+.
    • Depolarization increased intracellular free Ca2+, which was blocked by Ca2+ channel blockers.
    • Channels resembling the 'f' and 's' channels were also found in rat neural lobe endings.

    Conclusions:

    • Patch-clamp techniques enable the study of stimulus-secretion coupling in isolated peptidergic nerve terminals.
    • Unique cation channels ('f' and 's') and multiple Ca2+ channels are present in peptidergic nerve terminals, playing a role in neurohormone release.
    • These identified channels may be unique to peptidergic nerve terminals and are crucial for regulating neurosecretion.

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