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Related Concept Videos

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
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Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections
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[Fluorescence in situ hybridization on histologic sections].

Marcela Mrhalová, Roman Kodet

    Ceskoslovenska Patologie
    |December 3, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphasic nuclei (I-FISH) is a valuable diagnostic tool in pathology for analyzing gene copy numbers and chromosomal abnormalities in neoplasms. This method aids in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and patient selection for targeted therapies.

    Area of Science:

    • Cytogenetics
    • Molecular Pathology
    • Cancer Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Morphological and molecular techniques are increasingly integrated in diagnostics.
    • Fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphasic nuclei (I-FISH) bridges histological analysis with molecular specificity.
    • I-FISH is a crucial technique in modern pathology departments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the principles and utility of I-FISH.
    • To provide a basic orientation to I-FISH for interested readers.
    • To highlight the role of I-FISH in neoplasm diagnostics.

    Main Methods:

    • Combines morphological investigation of fixed tissues with molecular hybridization techniques.
    • Utilizes sequence specificity of nucleic acids for locus-specific detection.

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  • Applicable to formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • I-FISH provides significant information about investigated cells with relatively low laboratory demands.
    • Detects gene copy numbers (amplifications, deletions) and chromosomal abnormalities (polysomies, monosomies, breaks, translocations).
    • Increasingly used in routine investigations for solid tumors due to rising demands.

    Conclusions:

    • I-FISH is instrumental in diagnosing neoplasms, estimating prognosis, and guiding targeted biological therapy selection.
    • Its ability to detect numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations makes it indispensable.
    • I-FISH is becoming a standard method in cancer diagnostics and management.