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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

3.7K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
3.7K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

6.0K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
6.0K
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

56
Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
56
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

46
Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
46
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

5.7K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
5.7K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

49.3K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

7.9K

Adrenocortical development, maintenance, and disease.

Rebecca Yates1, Harshini Katugampola, Dominic Cavlan

  • 1Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|December 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The adrenal gland is vital for physiology; its development and maintenance involve complex transcriptional networks and signaling pathways. Advanced genetic models illuminate normal function, disease, and regenerative capacity in the adult adrenal cortex.

Keywords:
AdenomaAdrenalCarcinomaCortexDevelopmentDiseaseSF-1SHHZonation

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The adrenal gland regulates critical physiological functions; its dysfunction leads to severe morbidity.
  • Understanding adrenal gland development and function is crucial due to its vital role.
  • The adrenal gland exhibits remarkable remodeling and regenerative capacity in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the current understanding of adrenal cortex development and maintenance.
  • To highlight advancements in studying adrenal gland function and pathology using genetic models.
  • To elucidate transcriptional networks and signaling pathways in adrenal gland development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing sophisticated genetic models to study adrenal gland development and function.
  • Analyzing transcriptional networks and signaling pathways.
  • Integrating findings with physiological data from human and rodent studies.

Main Results:

  • Recent research using genetic models has significantly advanced understanding of adrenal gland development.
  • Identification of key transcriptional networks and signaling pathways involved in adrenal gland function and pathology.
  • Demonstration of the adrenal gland's remarkable remodeling and regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Current understanding of adrenal cortex development and maintenance has been significantly enhanced by genetic models.
  • Transcriptional networks and signaling pathways are critical for adrenal gland development, function, and pathology.
  • The study integrates molecular insights with extensive physiological data for a comprehensive view.