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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
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Direction-dependent differences in temporal kinematics for vertical prehension movements.

Shinji Yamamoto1, Keisuke Kushiro

  • 1Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.

Experimental Brain Research
|December 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The central nervous system adjusts movement timing based on gravity. Upward movements show faster acceleration and earlier, quicker hand opening compared to downward movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) accounts for gravity during everyday movements.
  • Gravitational forces influence spatial aspects of prehension movement kinematics.
  • The impact of gravity on the temporal properties of movement kinematics remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gravitational forces affect the temporal kinematics of prehension movements.
  • To compare upward (against gravity) and downward (with gravity) movement temporal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed vertical prehension movements against and with gravity.
  • Temporal kinematic data for reaching and grasping components were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Direction-dependent differences in temporal kinematics were observed for both reaching and grasping.
  • Upward movements exhibited shorter acceleration times than downward movements.
  • Hand opening occurred earlier and faster during upward movements compared to downward movements.

Conclusions:

  • The CNS incorporates gravitational effects into motor planning for vertical prehension.
  • Gravitational forces are actively utilized to control movement timing.