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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Intranasal Administration of CNS Therapeutics to Awake Mice
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Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis.

Anca Zalmanovici Trestioreanu1, John Yaphe

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, 39 Jabotinski Street, Petah Tikva, Israel, 49100.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 3, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) offer a modest but significant benefit in relieving acute sinusitis symptoms for adults and children. Evidence supports their use as a standalone or adjunctive therapy, with higher doses showing greater efficacy and no major adverse events reported.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute sinusitis is a prevalent condition causing significant symptoms and leading to work/school absences.
  • It is a common reason for primary care consultations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in alleviating acute sinusitis symptoms in both adult and pediatric populations.
  • To assess the impact of INCS on symptom resolution, adverse events, and other clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases for relevant studies.
  • Included RCTs comparing INCS to placebo or no intervention in patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed acute sinusitis.

Main Results:

  • Four well-designed, double-blind RCTs involving 1943 participants met the inclusion criteria.
  • INCS significantly improved symptom resolution or improvement compared to placebo (73% vs. 66.4%).
  • Higher doses of INCS demonstrated a stronger effect; no significant adverse events, drop-out, or recurrence rates were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Limited evidence, primarily from studies with radiological confirmation, supports INCS use for acute sinusitis.
  • INCS can be utilized as monotherapy or as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment.
  • Clinicians should balance the modest benefits of INCS against potential minor adverse effects.