Forehead reconstruction using a modified dual-plane A to T flap.

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Reconstructive Surgery
• Aesthetic Surgery

Background:

• Forehead defects pose significant reconstructive challenges.
• Various surgical options exist, including primary closure, grafts, and flaps.
• Locoregional flaps are crucial for defects unsuitable for primary closure or grafts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of a dual-plane modified A to T flap for forehead reconstruction.
• To assess the aesthetic outcomes in patients with central and lateral forehead defects.

Main Methods:

• The study presents three case reports using a dual-plane modified A to T flap.
• This technique is a modification of the periglabellar flap, adapted for larger and lateral forehead defects.
• Defect sizes up to 8 cm were reconstructed.

Main Results:

• The dual-plane modified A to T flap successfully reconstructed forehead defects up to 8 cm.
• Excellent aesthetic results were achieved in all three cases.
• The flap technique allowed for optimal matching of colour, contour, and texture.

Conclusions:

• The dual-plane modified A to T flap is a reliable and effective method for reconstructing moderate to large forehead defects.
• This technique provides superior aesthetic results compared to other reconstructive options for specific defect types.
• The modified flap design expands the utility of periglabellar principles for complex forehead reconstruction.