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Developmental change in proactive interference across the life span: evidence from two working memory tasks.

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Working memory is impacted by proactive interference (PI). Susceptibility to PI changes across the lifespan, with young adults showing less PI than children and older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) involves temporarily holding and manipulating information.
  • Proactive interference (PI) occurs when prior information hinders current memory performance.
  • Limited research exists on how susceptibility to PI changes throughout the lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lifespan development of item-specific proactive interference in working memory.
  • To examine age-related differences in susceptibility to PI across different tasks.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 92 participants aged 8 to 74 years.
  • Utilized a recent-probes task and an n-back task to experimentally manipulate PI.
  • Assessed both accuracy (errors) and reaction time costs associated with PI.

Main Results:

  • Young adults exhibited higher overall WM performance compared to children and older adults.
  • Susceptibility to PI varied significantly across the lifespan and differed between tasks.
  • Children showed more PI errors in the recent-probes task but less in the n-back task compared to young adults.
  • Older adults consistently showed more PI-related errors than young adults in both tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Item-specific PI susceptibility evolves across the lifespan, with young adults being least affected.
  • Divergent effects of PI in children across tasks suggest different underlying causes for PI susceptibility.
  • Age-related differences in PI may relate to developing cognitive processes like inhibition and recollection, or task-specific responses.