Effects of mepacrine and p-bromophenacyl bromide on anti-IgE and phospholipase A2-induced histamine release from human basophils

Exposure of human basophils to purified phospholipase A2 caused a release of histamine, the process could be divided in one Ca2+-independent and one Ca2+-dependent stage. Low concentrations of mepacrine and p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) inhibited both phospholipase A2- and anti-IgE-induced histamine release. Mepacrine was more potent than BPB when the two-stage-method was used. The inhibition of mepacrine was most effective when the drug was added in the second Ca2+-dependent stage. The effect of mepacrine in the whole reaction of the anti-IgE-induced histamine release was biphasic and mepacrine was less effective than in the inhibition of the separated stages. The effect of BPB on the whole reaction was rather similar to mepacrine, although it was not biphasic. The results presented in this work confirm a previous hypothesis suggesting that activation of phospholipase A2 is an important step in the IgE-mediated histamine release process. The results also suggest that inhibition of histamine release due to inhibition of phospholipase A2 might be of therapeutical value as the system can be inhibited at very low drug concentrations.