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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Multi-view fast-ion D-alpha spectroscopy diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade.

B Geiger1, R Dux, R M McDermott

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) diagnostic was installed at ASDEX Upgrade, enabling precise measurements of fast ions. This advanced system provides detailed insights into fast-ion velocity distributions for fusion energy research.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Fast ions play a crucial role in heating and sustaining fusion plasmas.
  • Accurate diagnostics are essential for understanding and controlling fast-ion behavior in fusion devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) diagnostic system.
  • To enable continuous, high-resolution analysis of fast-ion populations.
  • To improve the understanding of fast-ion dynamics in fusion plasmas.

Main Methods:

  • Installation of a new high-photon-throughput spectrometer and low-noise EM-CCD camera.
  • Calibration using an integrating sphere for absolute intensities and a neon lamp for wavelength dependence.
  • Identification and subtraction of perturbative spectral contributions (e.g., D2-molecular lines, Stark broadened emission).
  • Utilizing radially distributed lines of sight and three independent viewing geometries for spatial and velocity-space information.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 2 ms exposure time for FIDA measurements.
  • Successfully minimized spectral interferences, allowing analysis of FIDA radiation at large Doppler shifts.
  • Obtained radial information on fast ions.
  • Enabled detailed investigation of fast-ion velocity distributions through tomographic reconstructions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel FIDA diagnostic is a significant advancement for fast-ion research at ASDEX Upgrade.
  • The system provides unprecedented detail on fast-ion behavior, crucial for fusion energy development.
  • This diagnostic capability will enhance control and optimization of future fusion reactors.