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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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A novel executive function battery for preschoolers: Sensitivity to age differences.

Nancy Garon1, Isabel M Smith, Susan E Bryson

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Mount Allison University , Sackville , Canada.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
|December 4, 2013
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Summary

This study shows new executive function (EF) tasks are sensitive to age in young children. The findings offer partial support for a hierarchical model of executive function development in early childhood.

Keywords:
Executive functionsInhibitionPreschoolersWorking memoryshifting

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive functions (EF) are crucial cognitive processes supporting goal-directed behavior.
  • Understanding early EF development is vital for identifying developmental trajectories and potential interventions.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the nuances of EF in very young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensitivity of novel executive function tasks to age differences in children aged 18 months to 5 years.
  • To examine if the associations among working memory, inhibition, and shifting tasks align with a hierarchical model of EF development.
  • To contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of early cognitive development.

Main Methods:

  • A novel battery of executive function tasks was administered to 261 children aged 18–67 months.
  • Tasks were designed to assess three core EF components: working memory, inhibition, and shifting.
  • Statistical analyses were used to evaluate age sensitivity and the pattern of associations among measures.

Main Results:

  • The novel executive function tasks demonstrated significant sensitivity to age differences across the studied range.
  • Results provided partial support for the hypothesized hierarchical structure of executive function development.
  • Age-related improvements were observed in working memory, inhibition, and shifting abilities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed executive function battery effectively captures age-related changes in early cognitive abilities.
  • The findings partially validate a hierarchical model of executive function development in preschool-aged children.
  • This research offers valuable tools and insights for studying early executive function development.