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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Lateralization01:28

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context01:22

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Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Input and language development in bilingually developing children.

Erika Hoff1, Cynthia Core

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida.

Seminars in Speech and Language
|December 4, 2013
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Summary

Assessing bilingual children requires understanding varied language experiences. This review explores factors influencing dual language development and offers assessment recommendations for speech-language pathologists.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Language Acquisition
  • Bilingualism Studies
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Young bilingual children exhibit diverse language skills due to varied linguistic experiences.
  • Differentiating language disorder from language difference in bilingual children presents challenges for speech-language pathologists.
  • Variability in bilingual language development necessitates improved assessment practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on first language acquisition in children under five years old who are learning two languages.
  • To examine factors influencing language growth, including input quantity, quality, and family structure.
  • To provide recommendations for the language assessment of young bilingual children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bilingual first language development in children under five.
  • Analysis of factors affecting language growth: input quantity, input quality, and family composition.
  • Synthesis of findings to inform assessment and intervention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Language development rates vary based on single and total language growth.
  • Quantity and quality of language input significantly impact bilingual children's language growth.
  • Family composition influences both language input and subsequent language development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding variability sources is crucial for accurate language assessment in bilingual children.
  • Recommendations are provided for optimizing dual language development and assessment.
  • Improved assessment practices can better support bilingual children's language acquisition.