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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model CDM
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Long-term depression: a cell biological view.

Morgan Sheng1, Ali Ertürk

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term depression (LTD) involves apoptosis signaling pathways to eliminate synapses. This process sculpts neural circuits without causing cell death, suggesting LTD is part of synapse involution.

Keywords:
caspasedendritic spinelocal apoptosislong-term depressionlong-term potentiationspine elimination

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recent research highlights the role of apoptosis signaling in synaptic plasticity.
  • Long-term depression (LTD) is a key mechanism for weakening synaptic connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that LTD is the electrophysiological manifestation of a broader cellular process.
  • To investigate the role of localized apoptotic mechanisms in synapse elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms underlying LTD.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis.
  • Conceptual integration of electrophysiology and cell biology.

Main Results:

  • Apoptosis signaling pathways are crucial for synapse and dendritic spine elimination during LTD.
  • LTD can be viewed as an electrophysiological correlate of synapse involution.
  • Localized apoptotic mechanisms contribute to synaptic sculpting without inducing cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Synapse involution, utilizing localized apoptotic mechanisms, is a fundamental process in neural circuit refinement.
  • LTD represents the functional output of this targeted cellular remodeling process.