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Stroop interference in a delayed match-to-sample task: evidence for semantic competition.

Bradley R Sturz1, Marshall L Green, Lawrence Locker

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University Statesboro, GA, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Stroop interference effect arises from semantic competition, not response competition. This study used a delayed match-to-sample task to show that semantic factors influence interference even when response options are unrelated.

Keywords:
delayed match-to-sampleinterferenceresponse competitionsemantic competitionstroop

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Stroop interference effect is a well-documented phenomenon in cognitive psychology.
  • Two main theories explain its origin: semantic competition and response competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between semantic and response competition theories of the Stroop effect.
  • To investigate the role of semantic relatedness in Stroop interference within a delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a DMTS task involving congruent and incongruent color words presented in colored fonts.
  • Stimuli were presented after a delay (5s or 10s) to isolate interference mechanisms.
  • Independent probing of color and word dimensions was used, manipulating the semantic relatedness of foil targets.

Main Results:

  • Increased response times (RTs) were observed for incongruent trials, supporting Stroop interference.
  • Interference persisted even when foil semantic content was unrelated to the irrelevant sample dimension.
  • Accuracy decreased when foil semantic content was related, particularly in incongruent trials.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide evidence for Stroop interference operating through semantic competition.
  • Results are inconsistent with a response competition explanation.
  • The study demonstrates the robustness of semantic interference in a DMTS task.