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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Delivering factors for reprogramming a somatic cell to pluripotency.

Soong Ho Um1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|December 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer regenerative medicine potential by differentiating into any cell type. Efficient gene delivery methods are crucial for reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs for therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Delivery vectorInduced stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Gene therapy

Background:

  • Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are fundamental to cell development.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess pluripotency, enabling differentiation into diverse cell types, making them highly valuable for regenerative medicine.
  • The generation of iPSCs involves reprogramming somatic cells through the transfer of specific transcription factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conventional and established gene delivery techniques for reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs.
  • To detail the principles and methods of gene delivery factors used in iPSC generation.
  • To provide an overview of current research, emphasizing the clinical therapeutic potential of iPSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established gene delivery methods for exogenous gene transfer into mammalian cells.
  • Analysis of the efficiency and productivity of various gene delivery techniques in iPSC generation.
  • Examination of the principles underlying transcription factor delivery for cell reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Gene delivery methods significantly influence the efficiency and productivity of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation.
  • Conventional gene delivery techniques have been evaluated for their suitability in reprogramming various mammalian cell types.
  • The choice of delivery method is critical for the successful application of iPSCs in regenerative medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient gene delivery is paramount for the successful generation and therapeutic application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Understanding the principles of gene delivery is essential for advancing regenerative medicine strategies using iPSCs.
  • Further research into optimized gene delivery platforms holds significant promise for clinical therapeutic applications of iPSCs.