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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

[Skier's thumb].

Mandhkani Mahajan¹, Steven J Rhemrev

¹Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, locatie Westeinde, afd. Chirurgie, Den Haag.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|December 5, 2013

Summary

Skier's thumb, an injury to the thumb's ulnar collateral ligament, often occurs in sports. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial to prevent long-term instability and pain.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Hand Surgery

Background:

Skier's thumb involves rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint.
This common sports injury, if misdiagnosed, can lead to chronic pain and instability.
Accurate anatomical knowledge and physical examination are vital for correct diagnosis.

Observation:

This article details three types of skier's thumb.
It outlines the essential anatomical structures involved.
Key physical examination techniques for diagnosis are described.

Findings:

The article discusses various treatment options for skier's thumb.
It covers the role of additional imaging in diagnosis.
Different management strategies based on injury type are presented.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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Implications:

Proper diagnosis and timely treatment of skier's thumb can prevent chronic complications.
Understanding UCL anatomy and examination is key for healthcare providers.
Effective management strategies improve patient outcomes and return to sport.