Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
Published on: May 14, 2012
Adult asthma biomarkers
Mi-Ae Kim1, Yoo Seob Shin, Le Duy Pham
1aDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine bDepartment of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Purpose Of Review:
A variety of novel asthma treatments have been developed based on phenotypes, and the clinical trial results show promising responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge of biomarkers for the determination of asthma phenotypes.
Recent Findings:
Eosinophilic inflammation is the most focused phenotype because most novel asthma treatments have targeted T-helper type 2 (Th2) pathway. Fractional-exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a new method that represents an eosinophilic airway inflammation with a significant correlation with sputum eosinophilia and asthma severity instead of sputum eosinophil count that easily influenced by corticosteroid therapy. However, some reports indicated the discordance between treatment response or adjustment and FeNO levels. Serum periostin is a strong serum biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and an indicator of Th2-targeted therapy (such as lebrikizumab or omalizumab) and airflow limitation. YKL-40 is associated with asthma severity and airway remodeling. In addition, genetic and metabolomic approaches have been made to determine asthma phenotypes and severity.
Summary:
Biomarkers such as FeNO and serum periostin represent eosinophilic airway inflammation, together with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and osteopontin (OPN) needed more replication studies. Periostin, YKL-40, OPN and some metabolites (choline, arginine, acetone and protectin D1) are related to asthma severity and airflow limitation.
Related Concept Videos
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations
Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Asthma-I: Introduction
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

