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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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Exercise programs for people with dementia.

Dorothy Forbes1, Emily J Thiessen, Catherine M Blake

  • 1Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 3rd Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 5, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise programs show promise for improving daily activities and potentially cognition in individuals with dementia. However, findings require cautious interpretation due to study heterogeneity, with no significant effects on behavior or mood.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • An updated review examining the impact of exercise on individuals diagnosed with dementia.
  • Recent studies suggest potential benefits of physical activity for people with dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if exercise programs improve cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs), behavior, depression, and mortality in older adults with dementia.
  • To assess the indirect effects of exercise on family caregivers' burden, quality of life, and mortality.
  • To evaluate the impact of exercise on healthcare service utilization for participants and caregivers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials identified through comprehensive database searches.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on older adults with dementia participating in exercise programs versus control groups.
  • Data synthesis using fixed-effect or random-effects models based on heterogeneity, with planned subgroup analyses.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis indicated potential improvements in cognitive function (SMD 0.55) and ADLs (SMD 0.68), though with substantial unexplained heterogeneity.
  • Excluding an outlier trial reduced heterogeneity but rendered cognitive benefits non-significant.
  • Exercise may reduce caregiver burden (MD -15.30), but no significant effects were found for challenging behaviors or depression.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise programs show promising evidence for improving ADLs and possibly cognition in people with dementia, warranting cautious interpretation.
  • No significant effects were observed on challenging behaviors or depression.
  • Limited evidence exists for other outcomes such as quality of life, mortality, and healthcare costs.