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Firearms and suicide in US cities.

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Firearm ownership is linked to higher suicide rates, especially firearm suicides, in US urban areas. This study confirms that household firearms increase suicide risk, regardless of demographics.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Suicide is a leading cause of death in the USA, with firearms used in half of all suicides.
  • Previous studies indicate a correlation between higher firearm ownership rates and increased suicide mortality at state and regional levels.
  • Firearm suicide rates are generally higher in rural areas where household firearm ownership is more prevalent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between household firearm prevalence and suicide mortality within urban areas (metropolitan statistical areas and divisions).
  • To utilize survey-based measures of firearm ownership to assess this relationship in urban settings.
  • To determine if firearms in the home contribute to suicide risk beyond baseline factors in urban populations.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological study design analyzing data from 1999-2010.
  • Suicide rates were obtained from death certificate records for metropolitan statistical areas.
  • Household firearm ownership data were sourced from the 2002 and 2004 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys.

Main Results:

  • A strong association was found between higher rates of household firearm ownership and increased overall suicide rates in urban areas.
  • Higher firearm ownership rates were also strongly associated with higher firearm suicide rates.
  • No significant association was observed between firearm ownership rates and non-firearm suicide rates.
  • The association between firearm ownership and suicide risk remained consistent across different genders, age groups, and races.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence that household firearm prevalence is a significant risk factor for suicide in urban settings.
  • The findings support previous research indicating that firearms in the home increase suicide risk.
  • The results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing firearm access in homes may be crucial for suicide prevention in urban populations.