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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

32.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

1.8K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
1.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.4K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Multicomponent reactions in polymer synthesis.

Ryohei Kakuchi1

  • 1Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg (Germany). kakuchi@chemie.uni-hamburg.de.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) efficiently synthesize polymers and modify existing ones. These versatile reactions are key in polymer chemistry for creating complex monomers and functionalizing polymer chains.

Keywords:
multicomponent reactionspolymerizationpost-polymerization modification

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are increasingly utilized in polymer chemistry.
  • MCRs offer efficient pathways for synthesizing complex molecular architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the application of MCRs in polymer synthesis.
  • To showcase MCRs in post-polymerization modification techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Discussing established MCRs such as Passerini and Ugi reactions.
  • Exploring copper-catalyzed MCRs for polymer applications.

Main Results:

  • MCRs enable the synthesis of multifunctional monomers.
  • MCRs facilitate efficient post-polymerization modifications.

Conclusions:

  • MCRs provide versatile and efficient tools for advanced polymer development.
  • The application of MCRs in polymer chemistry continues to expand.