Maternal risk factors for oral clefts: a case-control study
Mohammad Jafar Golalipour1, Nafiseh Kaviany, Mostafa Qorbani
1Gorgan congenital malformations research center, Golestan university of Medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|December 5, 2013
Summary
Higher parity in mothers significantly increases the risk of oral clefts in newborns. Fars ethnicity and low folic acid intake also showed a trend towards increased risk, though not statistically significant.
Area of Science:
- Medical Genetics
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Oral clefts, including cleft lip and palate, are common congenital anomalies.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and early intervention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the risk factors associated with oral clefts in newborns.
- To analyze demographic and clinical factors in Gorgan, Northern Iran.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study was conducted between 2006 and 2009.
- 33 newborns with oral clefts (cases) and 63 healthy newborns (controls) were analyzed.
- Data collected included parental consanguinity, ethnicity, maternal parity, age, education, and folic acid intake.
Main Results:
- Higher parity (more than 2 births) was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral clefts (OR=3.33).
- Fars ethnicity and low folic acid intake showed a non-significant trend towards increased oral cleft risk.
- No significant associations were found for newborn sex, parental consanguinity, or maternal age.
Conclusions:
- Elevated maternal parity is a significant risk factor for oral clefts.
- While not statistically significant, Fars ethnicity and insufficient folic acid intake may contribute to oral cleft incidence.
- Further research is needed to confirm the role of ethnicity and folic acid in oral cleft development.
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