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Proteinuria in paediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Vania Giacomet1, Paola Erba, Francesca Di Nello

  • 1Vania Giacomet, Paola Erba, Francesca Di Nello, Sonia Coletto, Alessandra Viganò, GianVincenzo Zuccotti, Department of Paediatrics, L Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|December 5, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Kidney disease is a significant concern for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This review examines causes of kidney damage and proteinuria in HIV-infected children and adolescents, highlighting antiretroviral therapy

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Kidney disease is a major cause of illness and death in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Clinical signs of kidney damage in HIV patients vary, potentially masking underlying renal issues.
  • Antiretroviral therapy has improved HIV outcomes but can cause long-term renal toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary causes of proteinuria in HIV-infected children and adolescents.
  • To discuss pathological findings associated with kidney disease in this population.
  • To highlight the importance of monitoring renal function in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV-associated nephropathy.
  • Analysis of clinical features and pathological findings.
  • Focus on antiretroviral agents and their nephrotoxic potential.

Main Results:

  • Several antiretroviral agents are associated with direct nephrotoxicity.
  • Indinavir, atazanavir, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are specifically linked to kidney damage.
  • Proteinuria and other pathological findings are key indicators of renal involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of kidney injury is crucial in HIV-infected patients.
  • Understanding the nephrotoxic effects of antiretroviral therapy is essential for patient management.
  • This review provides insights into kidney disease in pediatric and adolescent HIV populations.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapyChildrenHuman immunodeficiency virus-infectionNephropathyProteinuria

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