Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.5K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.5K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

324
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
324
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

5.0K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
5.0K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

8.8K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
8.8K
Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

359
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
359
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effect of spatial boundaries on memory in a virtual environment.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same author

Individually Ventilated Cages Severely Attenuate Inter-Cage Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats.

Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS·2025
Same author

Inflammation in Schizophrenia: The Role of Disordered Oscillatory Mechanisms.

Cells·2025
Same author

Maternal immune activation alters bout structure of rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations.

Behavioural brain research·2025
Same author

Sequence learning following maternal immune activation.

Behavioural brain research·2025
Same author

Sex-dependent effects of rat maternal immune activation on motor function in offspring of poly I:C treated rats.

Behavioural brain research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.1K

Persisting through subjective effort: a key role for the anterior cingulate cortex?

Kristin L Hillman1, David K Bilkey

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. khillman@psy.otago.ac.nz http://www.otago.ac.nz/psychology/staff/kristinhillman.html dbilkey@psy.otago.ac.nz http://www.otago.ac.nz/psychology/staff/davidbilkey.html.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|December 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The anterior cingulate cortex helps animals persist in difficult tasks by signaling action utility. This brain region guides effort based on past and future experiences.

More Related Videos

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.1K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Existing models of effort-based decision-making do not fully explain task persistence.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying sustained effort over time remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a role for the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in mediating sustained effort.
  • To investigate how the ACC might encode action utility and guide effort allocation.

Main Methods:

  • This study is primarily theoretical, building upon existing literature.
  • It integrates findings from neuroscience and behavioral economics.

Main Results:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is proposed to encode the subjective utility of actions.
  • The ACC may signal the optimal direction of effort based on integrated past and prospective experiences.

Conclusions:

  • The ACC plays a critical role in enabling animals to persist through subjectively effortful tasks.
  • Understanding ACC function is key to explaining long-term effortful behavior and decision-making.