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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
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A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...
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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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CellFinder: a cell data repository.

Harald Stachelscheid1, Stefanie Seltmann, Fritz Lekschas

  • 1Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Computational Biology and Data Mining, Berlin 13125, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Computer Science, Berlin 10099, Germany and Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CellFinder is a new resource providing extensive molecular data for mammalian cells across tissues and developmental stages. It integrates diverse datasets to offer a unified view of cell characteristics for researchers.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mammalian cell characterization requires integrated molecular data.
  • Existing resources are fragmented across databases and literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop CellFinder, a comprehensive resource for mammalian cell molecular data.
  • To provide a unified platform for searching, browsing, and comparing cell information.

Main Methods:

  • Data integration from curated databases and biomedical literature.
  • Text mining of publications and manual curation for expression data.
  • Development of a novel data model and ontology (CELDA).

Main Results:

  • CellFinder describes 3394 cell types and 50,951 cell lines.
  • Includes 3055 images, 205 whole-genome expression profiles, and 553,905 protein expressions.
  • Ontological backbone with 204,741 terms from 10 ontologies.

Conclusions:

  • CellFinder offers a valuable, integrated resource for mammalian cell molecular data.
  • Facilitates research in cell biology, development, and comparative genomics.
  • Provides advanced tools for data exploration and visualization.