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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Long Non-Coding RNAs Embedded in the Rb and p53 Pathways.

Murugan Subramanian1, Matthew F Jones, Ashish Lal

  • 1Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ashish.lal@nih.gov.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging gene regulators with a potential role in cancer. This review explores their function within the p53 and Rb tumor suppressor pathways, crucial for cell cycle control and survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a newly identified class of RNA molecules with regulatory functions.
  • The precise roles and mechanisms of most lncRNAs remain largely unknown.
  • Emerging evidence suggests lncRNAs play a part in cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of lncRNA involvement in cancer.
  • To specifically examine the function of lncRNAs within the p53 and Rb signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs and cancer.
  • Analysis of lncRNA interactions within established tumor suppressor networks.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are implicated in regulating gene expression through various mechanisms.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been identified within the p53 and Rb pathways.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways is a common feature of human cancers.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant area of research in cancer biology.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions in the p53 and Rb pathways could offer new therapeutic targets.