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OverviewOxygenic photosynthesis plays a central role in the global carbon and oxygen cycles. The carbohydrates produced support nearly all food webs, while the oxygen by‑product enables aerobic life.Light‑dependent and light‑independent reactionsPhotosynthesis occurs in two main stages, each in a different part of the chloroplast: light‑dependent reactions and light‑independent reactions, also called the Calvin‑Benson cycle or simply the Calvin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops
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Light-dependent net CO-evolution by C3 and C 4 plants.

U Lüttge1, K Fischer

  • 1Institut für Botanik, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, D-6100, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany.

Planta
|December 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Carbon monoxide (CO) evolution in plants is linked to photorespiration, a process influenced by atmospheric CO2/O2 ratios. This CO release can serve as a key indicator for photorespiration in plant studies.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Photosynthesis Research

Background:

  • Light-dependent carbon monoxide (CO) evolution in C3 and C4 plants is influenced by ambient CO2/O2 ratios.
  • Physiological responses suggest CO evolution is a byproduct of photorespiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between CO evolution and photorespiration in C3 and C4 plants.
  • To determine if CO evolution can be used as an indicator for photorespiration.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of CO evolution rates in C3 and C4 plants under varying CO2/O2 ratios.
  • Correction for CO2-concentrating mechanisms in C4 photosynthesis.

Main Results:

  • The ratio of CO evolved to CO2 fixed is higher in C3 than C4 plants at low CO2/O2 ratios.

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  • This discrepancy is resolved when accounting for the CO2-concentrating mechanism in C4 plants.
  • Results support the conclusion that CO evolution is a consequence of photorespiration.

    • Conclusions:

    • CO evolution is strongly linked to the oxygenase activity of RuBisCO, the initial step in photorespiration.
    • CO evolution can serve as a valuable and direct indicator for photorespiration in ecophysiological studies.