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The Allee-type ideal free distribution.

Vlastimil Křivan1

  • 1Biology Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, vlastimil.krivan@gmail.com.

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The Allee effect influences population distribution and dynamics. Depending on density, one to three ideal free distributions (IFDs) can exist, but distributional stability does not guarantee population stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • The ideal free distribution (IFD) models habitat selection based on fitness.
  • Positive density dependence at low densities (Allee effect) complicates distribution dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ideal free distribution (IFD) in a two-patch environment with an Allee effect.
  • To analyze the relationship between distributional stability and population stability.

Main Methods:

  • Defined IFD as an evolutionarily stable strategy in habitat selection.
  • Utilized replicator dynamics to study population and distributional dynamics.
  • Examined the number of IFDs across different population densities.

Main Results:

  • One IFD exists at low and high population densities.
  • Up to three IFDs emerge at intermediate population densities.
  • Distributional stability (IFD) does not ensure local population equilibrium or stability.

Conclusions:

  • The Allee effect significantly impacts both population dynamics and spatial distribution.
  • Distributional stability is not a sufficient condition for overall population stability.