On the prospects of using balanced sex-linked lethals for insect pest control

A new method is suggested for controlling species of insect pests in which the female is heterogametic. This method, involving the use of balanced lethals on the Z chromosome, causes the death of females in the embryonic stage. The method has already been tested in practical sericulture for the production of entirely male progeny of the silkworm. The method requires the construction of two strains of the pest, one carrying two balanced nonallelic but closely located lethals on the Z chromosome, and another with two other pairs of lethals of the same type. In the hybrid progeny from the crosses between the two strains, 100% of the female embryos would die, thus making it possible to release only males without any laborious procedure for sex discrimination. In the progeny from the crosses between the released males and females from the natural population, again 100% of females would die, but the males would survive and when they mated - 62.5% of the female progeny would die. This rate would decline to 34.4 and 16.6% in the sons and grandsons respectively. The repeated release of hybrid males would lead to a progressive increase, with each successive generation, in the percentage of female mortality in the natural population until its total extinction.