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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Avalanches mediate crystallization in a hard-sphere glass.

Eduardo Sanz1, Chantal Valeriani, Emanuela Zaccarelli

  • 1Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Molecular-dynamics simulations reveal intermittent particle dynamics in aged hard-sphere glasses. Crystallization occurs during particle avalanches, but the process is stochastic and localized, with new crystal formation favoring pre-ordered regions.

Keywords:
amorphous solidcolloidal glassesdynamic heterogeneitiesordered solid

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Aged hard-sphere glasses exhibit complex particle dynamics.
  • Understanding the devitrification process is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the devitrification (crystallization) of aged hard-sphere glasses.
  • To elucidate the relationship between particle dynamics and crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular-dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Analysis focused on particle rearrangements and spatial distribution.

Main Results:

  • Particle dynamics are intermittent, characterized by quiescent periods and abrupt avalanches.
  • Crystallization is linked to avalanches but involves different particles.
  • Avalanche occurrence is stochastic, while crystallization favors pre-ordered regions.

Conclusions:

  • Devitrification in hard-sphere glasses is a complex process involving intermittent dynamics.
  • The stochastic nature of avalanches contrasts with the ordered regions where crystallization initiates.