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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The Dbf4-Cdc7 kinase promotes Mcm2-7 ring opening to allow for single-stranded DNA extrusion and helicase assembly.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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The replication initiation protein Sld2 regulates helicase assembly.

Irina Bruck1, Daniel L Kaplan

  • 1From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida 32312.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|December 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sld2 protein binding to the Mcm2-7 complex prevents premature assembly of the CMG helicase in G1 phase. Sld2

Keywords:
CDK (Cyclin-dependent Kinase)Cell CycleDNA HelicaseDNA ReplicationDNA-binding Protein

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA replication initiation requires precise regulation of the CMG helicase complex.
  • Sld2 protein plays a crucial role in initiating DNA replication in budding yeast.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Sld2 in regulating CMG helicase assembly.
  • To determine how Sld2 binding to Mcm2-7 and DNA influences CMG complex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of Sld2 mutants (Sld2-m1,4 and sld2-DNA) in budding yeast.
  • Observation of CMG complex assembly timing and DNA replication inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Sld2 mutant defective in Mcm2-7 binding (Sld2-m1,4) shows premature CMG assembly in G1.
  • This premature assembly leads to severe inhibition of DNA replication.
  • Sld2 mutant defective in DNA binding (sld2-DNA) prevents GINS-Mcm2-7 interaction, indicating impaired CMG assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Sld2 binding to Mcm2-7 is essential for preventing inappropriate CMG helicase assembly in G1.
  • Sld2 association with DNA is required for proper CMG assembly during S phase.