Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

90
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
90
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

6.2K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
6.2K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

48.9K
Overview
48.9K
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

219
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
219
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

106
Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
106
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Influence of Elimination Half-Life on Effect Duration01:23

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Influence of Elimination Half-Life on Effect Duration

141
Drug elimination from the body primarily occurs through metabolic and excretion pathways. Hepatic metabolism transforms lipophilic drugs into hydrophilic forms for excretion, typically via enzymatic processes classified as phase I (modification) and phase II (conjugation). Renal excretion eliminates drugs and metabolites through filtration and secretion in the kidneys. Impairment in liver or kidney function can hinder these processes, delaying drug clearance and extending the drug’s...
141

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Managing <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> bloodstream infection: a Delphi document on clinical recommendations and research agenda.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Management and follow-up of patients with infective endocarditis: an international cross-sectional survey.

Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.)·2026
Same author

Infective Endocarditis in Perceval Sutureless Valves: Incidence, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management: An Expert Opinion Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Heart Transplantation as Salvage Therapy of Candida tropicalis Prosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Complex Aortic Graft Infection with Giant Collection after Bentall-Bono Surgery: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Infective Endocarditis-A New Eye on an Old Disease.

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
11:15

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

4.6K

Antibiotic-lock therapy: a clinical viewpoint.

Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo1, Benito Almirante

  • 1Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|December 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) offers a viable treatment for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), particularly for patients needing to keep their central venous catheters. Recent studies suggest ALT is effective and safe when used with systemic treatments.

More Related Videos

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K
Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
11:15

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

4.6K
Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K
Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a significant complication in patients requiring central venous catheters.
  • Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) involves instilling concentrated antimicrobial agents into catheters to treat CRBSI.
  • Maintaining catheter patency is crucial for patients highly dependent on these devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss current knowledge on ALT for CRBSI.
  • To emphasize existing controversies and findings related to ALT efficacy and safety.
  • To analyze ALT outcomes based on catheter use and infection etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized controlled studies, experimental studies, and observational case series.
  • Analysis of existing literature on antibiotic lock therapy for CRBSI.
  • Discussion of controversies and varied outcomes in ALT application.

Main Results:

  • Randomized controlled studies indicate moderate effectiveness of ALT.
  • Recent experimental and observational data suggest considerable efficacy and safety of ALT.
  • ALT is often administered concurrently with systemic antimicrobial treatment.

Conclusions:

  • ALT is a valid conservative treatment option for CRBSI in catheter-dependent patients.
  • Evidence suggests ALT has considerable efficacy and safety, especially when combined with systemic therapy.
  • Further discussion is needed regarding controversies and specific applications of ALT based on catheter type and infection cause.