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Updated: May 5, 2026

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing
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Bilirubin mediated oxidative stress involves antioxidant response activation via Nrf2 pathway

Mohammed Qaisiya1, Carlos Daniel Coda Zabetta1, Cristina Bellarosa1

  • 1Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Italian Liver Foundation ONLUS, Bldg Q AREA Science Park - Basovizza Campus, 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Cellular Signalling
|December 7, 2013
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
AREATF3Antioxidant Response ElementBfBilirubin neurotoxicityFTHGSHGly1HO-1Heme oxygenase 1JNKMAPKME1N-acetylcysteinNACNADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1NF-E2 related factor 2NQO1Nrf2Nrf2 pathwayOSOxidative stressPERKPI3KPKCROSStress response protein kinasesUCBactivating transcription factor 3c-Jun NH2-terminal kinasescystine/glutamate exchanger systemcytosolic malic enzyme 1eIF2αeukaryotic translation initiation factor 2αferritin heavy chainfree bilirubinglutathioneglycine up-take transporterheme oxygenase 1mitogen-activated protein kinaseoxidative stressphosphatidylinositide 3-kinasesprotein kinase Cprotein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinasereactive oxygen speciestBHQtertiary-butylhydroquinoneunconjugated bilirubinxCTγ-GCL-cγ-GCL-mγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, catalytic subunitγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, modulatory subunit

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