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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Related Experiment Video

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Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
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Nuclear division: giving daughters their fair share.

Alison D Walters1, Orna Cohen-Fix

  • 1The Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

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|December 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The nuclear envelope protein Man1 ensures identical daughter nuclei form during cell division. It achieves this by linking nuclear pore complexes to segregating chromosomes in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitosis requires equal segregation of genetic material and nuclear components to daughter cells.
  • The mechanisms ensuring equitable distribution of non-chromosomal nuclear contents remain incompletely understood.
  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are crucial for nucleocytoplasmic transport but their role in nuclear partitioning is less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how non-chromosomal nuclear components are equally partitioned during mitosis.
  • To elucidate the role of the Man1 protein in the formation of identical daughter nuclei.
  • To understand the relationship between nuclear pore complexes and chromosome segregation in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus as a model organism.

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  • Employed genetic and cell biological techniques to study the function of Man1.
  • Investigated the localization and interactions of Man1 with nuclear pore complexes and chromosomes during mitosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified the LEM-domain protein Man1 as essential for the equal partitioning of nuclear components.
    • Demonstrated that Man1 physically couples nuclear pore complexes to segregating chromosomes.
    • Showcased Man1's critical role in ensuring the formation of genetically and structurally identical daughter nuclei.

    Conclusions:

    • Man1 acts as a key mediator ensuring the faithful inheritance of nuclear architecture during cell division.
    • The coupling of NPCs to chromosomes by Man1 is a novel mechanism for partitioning nuclear contents.
    • This finding provides new insights into the complex process of nuclear division and cell cycle regulation.