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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) causes outer retinal changes visible on OCT. Imaging reveals outer nuclear layer and ellipsoid zone disruption, aiding differentiation from similar conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Imaging
  • Macular Diseases

Background:

  • Persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) is a rare condition that can mimic acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).
  • Accurate differentiation is crucial due to potential similarities in initial presentation.

Observation:

  • This study retrospectively reviewed 5 patients diagnosed with PPM.
  • Short-term and long-term retinal changes were evaluated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG-A), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Findings:

  • SD-OCT revealed outer nuclear layer, external limiting membrane, ellipsoid layer, and interdigitation zone disruption in acute PPM lesions.
  • FA showed hypofluorescence in early frames and hyperfluorescence in late frames.
  • ICG-A demonstrated persistent hypofluorescent lesions.
  • FAF patterns varied, with most lesions being hyperautofluorescent.
  • Some patients experienced outer retinal architecture restoration, while others developed atrophy or choroidal neovascularization.

Implications:

  • SD-OCT findings highlight specific outer retinal layer involvement in PPM.
  • Imaging modalities like FA, ICG-A, and FAF provide distinct diagnostic clues.
  • Further long-term studies are necessary to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of PPM.