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Does multiple gestation impact birthweight deficit from smoking?

F A Okah¹, A A Oshodi¹, Y Liu²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics/University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association

|December 7, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal smoking during twin gestation results in a birthweight deficit comparable to that seen in singletons. This suggests a potential ceiling effect for smoking

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perinatal Medicine
Reproductive Health

Background:

Maternal smoking is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction.
The impact of smoking on birthweight in twin gestations requires further investigation to compare with singleton data.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if the birthweight deficit associated with maternal smoking in twin pregnancies is greater than previously reported for singleton pregnancies.
To quantify the effect of smoking on the aggregate birthweight of twins.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of White and Black live-born twins (32-40 weeks gestation) from 1990-2005 in Kansas City, MO.
Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-squared tests, and linear regression to compare birthweights between smoking and nonsmoking groups, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

The study included 1190 twin pairs; 14.5% of mothers smoked, with similar rates across racial groups.
Twins of nonsmokers had a significantly greater aggregate birthweight (5116g ± 25g) compared to twins of smokers (4870g ± 59g), with a mean difference of 264g.
This difference remained significant after adjusting for other variables, indicating a substantial smoking-associated growth restriction.

Conclusions:

The birthweight deficit in twins due to maternal smoking is quantitatively similar to that observed in singletons.
This finding suggests a potential dissipation or ceiling effect of cigarette smoking on fetal growth restriction.