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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Feedback control of gene expression.

J Sheen1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.

Photosynthesis Research
|December 7, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucose and acetate globally repress photosynthetic gene transcription in maize, revealing a universal feedback mechanism in plants. This metabolic regulation overrides other factors and impacts plant tissue interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Photosynthesis research
  • Gene regulation

Background:

  • Feedback regulation of photosynthesis by carbon metabolites is known but poorly understood.
  • Molecular mechanisms for this regulation in plants are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of feedback regulation of photosynthesis in higher plants.
  • To provide evidence for a universal metabolic repression of photosynthetic genes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized simplified cellular systems and transgenic plants.
  • Investigated the effect of glucose and acetate on maize photosynthetic gene transcription.

Main Results:

  • Glucose and acetate were found to trigger global repression of photosynthetic gene transcription in maize.
  • This metabolic repression was observed in many higher plants, suggesting it is a universal mechanism.
  • The repression overrides other regulatory factors like light and developmental stage.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic repression of photosynthetic genes is a fundamental and likely universal mechanism in higher plants.
  • This mechanism may underlie interactions between sink and source tissues.
  • Studying metabolic regulation of gene expression offers insights into global gene control and signal transduction.